長崎輸出の金襴手古伊万里の生産と流通について

Abstract

Imari ware was the first porcelain produced in Japan. It was initially produced in and around Arita in the early 17th century. It was called “Imari” because that was the name of the port from which it was shipped. In the mid-17th century, the Ming dynasty was replaced by the Qing, and due to the resulting confusion, the export of Chinese porcelain ceased. Imari ware was exported instead and shipped all over the world. One variety of Imari ware was known as Kinrande Koimari 金襴手古伊萬里. Kinrande Koimari is one of the representative porcelains of Imari ware. It is glittering porcelain that combines cobalt blue (sometsuke 染付) and overglazed enamel (iroe 色繪). The production began at the end of the 17th century. It was mainly produced in Arita and exported from Nagasaki. It was principally transported to Europe via Batavia and Cape Town by Dutch ships and displayed in royal castles and palaces in Europe. Chinese porcelains were once again thriving and being exported. Imitations of Kinrande Koimari were produced in large quantities at Jingdezhen, and these were called “Chinese Imari” or “Chinese Japanese.” Moreover, Kinrande Koimari was also imitated in kilns throughout Europe. Kinrande Koimari was also transported to regions outside Europe by ships other than those of the Dutch. Imari ware has been found in Indian Ocean waters, the Middle East, Southeast Asia around Indonesia, and Central and South America centering on Mexico. Islamic merchants bought the Kinrande Koimari that Chinese and Dutch ships had brought to Southeast Asia and sent it around the Indian Ocean area and the Middle East. The Kinrande Koimari that Dutch ships brought to Batavia was spread throughout Indonesia. And some that was brought to Southeast Asia was taken to the Americas bya Spanish ships. In addition, the spread of beverages such as coffee and tea as well as chocolate also promoted the export of Kinrande Koimari. With the spread of such luxury items, large numbers of Kinrande Koimari cups and saucers were also produced and shipped around the world. In the middle of the 18th century, the Dutch East India Company ended the official trade in Imari ware, and the production of Kinrande Koimari nearly ceased. However, in the 19th century, a type of Imari ware, which resembled Kinrande Koimari, was again produced, and it remains today as a representative style of Arita overglazed enamel ware.