一九一〇～三〇年の慶尙南道沿海部における漁場整理と「漁民」の動向

Abstract

When the Gyongriwon 經理院, which managed the resources of the Imperial Family, began to intervene in the fishing tax that served as a chief financial resource for the Imperial Family during the brief period of the Korean Empire 大韓帝國, the fishing rights granted in the Joseon Period were dismantled by tax farmers dispatched by the Gyongriwon. Later, fishing rights were reorganized by the Japanese authorities, and Japanese who received fishing rights within Gyeongsangnam-do from the Imperial Family repeatedly sublet them, and native fishermen then had to pay high use fees to acquire these rights. As a result, the people engaged in fishing started a movement to obtain fishing rights. At first there were few disputes between Japanese fishermen and those from the Korean peninsula in part because Japanese and Korean wanted different types of fish and the Japanese were in fact involved on both sides in movement of local fishermen, as plaintiffs and defendants. So the traditional explanation attributing the problem to friction between Japanese and Korean people is not sufficient to explain the issue. Furthermore, in contrast to the contemporary fishermen’s movement in Japan, there appears to have been no clear consciousness of fishing rights or appeals to exercise them from Joseon period onward. There were cases of people such as Kim Bongsu 金鳳洙who had no relationship to fishing rights before the period of the Korean Empire, arguing they had some “relationship” during the period of the Korean Empire. However, even Kim Bongsu could only obtain fishing rights by surreptitiously providing funds to Lee Gang 李堈and many legal judgements rather than receiving recognition of any such relationship. The fishing union of Geoje 巨濟played a role as an organization that managed fishing rights by lending them to fishermen. However, the Geoje fishing union lent fishing rights to Lee Gang and Kashii. And, Lee Gang and Kashii lent fishing rights to the Geoje fishing union. So, there are many intermediaries before actual fishermen obtained fishing rights. Furthermore, the cost of license fees for fishing rights soared because fishing rights were auctioned to the highest bidder. A result of the unjust rise in the cost of fishing licenses, we can say that the Geoje fishing union had only limited success in protecting Korean fishermen. This situation was the result of the acceptance of the special situation granting Lee Gang rights to fishing grounds based on the fishery law (1911) that was made in recognition that the Korean fishing industry differed from that in Japan. However, the establishment of the Korea fishery ordinance (1929), which accompanied changes in the Korean fishing industry after the entry of the Japanese fishing industry into Korea, was one cause of the dismantling of Lee Gang’s fishing grounds and the disappearance of Korean system of fishing based on Korea’s indigenous customs.