産業化インドにおける教育制度と教育選抜

Abstract

産業社会にとって､教育は､労働市場で必要な知識･技能を習得するのに必要不可欠な要素である｡今日､インドでは､より高いレベルの教育を求め､普通教育を受けながら､塾や家庭教師を利用する子弟が増えている｡他方､高い学歴よりもより確かな知識と技術を習得しようと､職業教育を選択する子弟もいる｡本稿では､このような生徒の進路選択が行われる中等教育に焦点をあて､その教育制度と教育選抜の考察をとおし､生徒の進路形成について概観するとともに､教育選抜を経て獲得した教育資格が産業セクターからどのように捉えられているのか明らかにする｡

Education is an indispensable element in acquiring the knowledge and skills required in the labor market. Many parents spend their earnings on their children so that the children can live in a better environment than the parents did. Nowadays, although more students seek further education in general education, a mismatch between industry and education is creating a mass of educated unemployed, which is one of India's biggest social problems. On the other hand, some students are opting for vocational educations to acquire knowledge and skills that may be of direct use in the labor market. Looking into the educational system and selections in secondary education in India, this paper describes the students' career formation in secondary education and discusses how educational qualification in both general and vocational education is appreciated in the labor market. It concludes that although the graduates of vocational education are more appreciated in skilled jobs than the graduates of general education are, secondary education, as a whole, needs to be improved along with primary education to achieve equity in resource distribution in India's development. Improvements of the production and employment systems in the industrial sector are also necessary.