1985年以来中国の教育改革政策を問う : 都市・農村間の教育格差拡大の原因と対策について

Abstract

It seems that China's education has developed smoothly in recent years, but many structural problems, such as the increasing disparities of education resources' distribution and educational opportunities between rural and urban, are still very serious. In search for the reasons of the increasing educational disparities, this paper briefly describes the characteristics of China's education system before the Economic Reform, and the circumstances of the education reform in 1985. Then, the Policy of Localization of Fundamental Education (PLFE), and it's the negative impacts on the lowest governments' budgets and on the rural fundamental and middle schools are analyzed. Some results can be given as follows: (1) The increased educational disparities among regions, specifically between urban and rural, are fully triggered by the PLFE, an educational reform in 1985. (2) Consider China's economic reality, that with large disparities among regions and lack of the tax allocation system to local governments to equalize the fiscal abilities of them, it can be say that there isn't any fact could warrant the reform of PLFE. However, the PLFE is still been carried out now, has showed that there is a big defect in educational-policy-making process in China.