南スラウェシの稲作景観(<特集>南スラウェシの村落と農業景観)

Abstract

This paper describes the different types of traditional rice culture in South Sulawesi which have developed under different environments. First, the characteristics of land attributes are described in terms of rainfall pattern and land units with definite combinations of landform, soils and land use. Second, the traditional rice cultural types are described, namely : shifting cultivation on both upland and lowland; annual planting of wet rice with buffalo-trampling; deep-water cultivation; cultivation in saline conditions; and broadcasting of wet rice in a dry climate. Third, a scheme for the historical development of rice cultural types in South Sulawesi is presented by integrating the hydrological conditions and tillage implements. This scheme involves three climax types which developed from the incipient phases of the slash-and-burn type : permanent upland cultivation with or without ploughing, irrigated cultivation with buffalo-trampling, and irrigated cultivation with ploughing.