バングラデシュ農村における労働力・農地流動・小農経済 : 先進農村と後進農村の事例比較(<特集>バングラデシュの農業と農村)

Abstract

Comparison of a developed village (DV) and a less-developed village (LDV) in Comilla, Bangladesh in terms of project implementation, has revealed the following findings. (1) The DV has succeeded in absorbing rural labor into farming and has formed a labor market linked to local informal and small businesses, while the LDV is still dependent upon the informal labor market of distant large cities. (2) Through land mobility, in which small farms and the landless participate, a huge cash is circulated. Khazna and mortgage of land within the village and between the village and neighboring villages is common in the DV, while mortgage of land within the village and barga of land from neighboring villages is common in the LDV. Necessary cash is supplied from nonfarm income in both the DV and the LDV. (3) Despite relatively intensive inputs, Boro rice does not produce a higher net income than Aus and Aman rice. In view of the commercialized nature and high input requirement of Boro rice, managerial skills will become more influential factors in efficient performance. (4) Observation of the input-output of cropping by season indicates that the cultivated area of Boro crop has to be reduced due to lack of sufficient capital for high intensive production. Therefore, the average farm household can meet no more than 38% of rural consumption expenditure (RCE) in the DV and 50% in the LDV. Even if land use were improved, no more than 66-68% of RCE would be met by farming under the present internal circulation of farming capital in the DV and the LDV. If Boro cropping of vegetables were introduced with additional capital, which would have to be supplied from nonfarm sources, the average farm household would meet its RCE by farming.