満洲字による漢字音表記の規範化 : ―満洲字千字文を資料として―

Abstract

Manchu transcriptions of Chinese words are very valuable to the study of Chinese phonology of the Ch'ing dynasty. However, it is not yet confirmed whether they represent the actual pronunciation of Chinese or not. It is necessary to investigate changes in the writing systems, or the process of standardization. In this paper, I have researched the writing systems of several Manchu texts of Ciyan dzi wen /Qian zi wen (千字文) compiled around the end of the 17th century, comparing them with those of standard texts such as Han i araha nonggime toktobuha manju gisun i buleku bithe /Yu zhi zeng ding qing wen jian (御製増訂清文鑑) (1771). I demonstrate that these texts have been transcribed in many various ways differing from standard ones, as following: [Table omitted] It is possible that some of the differences in the Manchu transcriptions may reflect the transcripters changing from the Manchu phonological system to the Chinese.