オルドス・十ニオトク考

Abstract

In the study of nomadic society, the classification of tribal organization has become an important topic. In this article the organization of the Ordos tribe is taken up as a case study of Mongol society from the 15th to the 17th century. Existing studies show that the Ordos tribe included many component groups and was divided into Left and Right "wings". But the nature of Ordos society is still subject to much uncertainty, for example, how many otoɣ were included in it? By investigating Mongolian documents hitherto rarely consulted, the author has found the answer to this problem given clearly in material relating to the cult of Cinggis-qan's mausoleum. On the basis of these documents, it has been ascertained that Ordos society in the early 17th century was organized into 12 otoɣ ; half of them constituted the Right wing and the other half the Left wing. More precisely, the Right included Kegud, Sibarucin, Urad, Tangɣud; Dalad, Qanglin; Merked, Baganas; Besud, Ugusin; Qatagin and Qakiɣucin; and the Left included Qaucin, Keriyes, Caqad, Mingɣad, Qonicin, and Quyaɣucin. The author concludes that the Ordos tumen. centering around the mausoleum of Cinggis-qan which was managed by the Jimong, had twelve otoɣ as its core group, six in the Right and six in the Left wing. Large groups such as uyijurcin and amagai were attached to it, and it contained small and medium-sized groups controlled in various ways by non-Borjigin-Sayid lineages.