戰國・秦代の軍事編成

Abstract

This essay examines military organization under the prefectural system in the Warring States and Qin periods. It is an attempt to clarify one aspect of the mechanism of local control in ancient China. It can be considered that the standing army of the Warring States and Qin was formed by conscripting male agricultural workers into units based on the prefectures from the time that Lord Shang Yang (商鞅) systematized the prefectures. Since it is believed that the terracotta warriors at the tomb of Qin Shi Huang show the military forces of the capital, it can be surmised that such a standing army was composed of both officials with caps and soldiers without caps. Furthermore, there was a provision for granting official titles to male agricultural workers for outstanding military service, and this system was important until the end of the Warring States period. This was perhaps the very system of military organization of agricultural workers (gengzhan zhi zhi 耕戰之士) that characterized the Qin state and that tried to combine soldiers from a standing army with farmers that returned to their fields using the provision of granting titles for military service.