張岳の陽明學批判

Abstract

The Yangming school is regarded by modern scholars as a mainstream school of Ming thoughts. The Cheng-Zhu 程朱 school, however, maintained a great deal of influence in this era. This study deals with Zhang Yue, a neo-Confucian from Fujian 福建, who attacked Wang Shouren 王守仁 (Yangming), because Wang ignored the program established centuries earlier by Zhu Xi 朱熹 of self-cultivation of the mind. Zhang stressed correct behavior in daily affairs as a matter of great importance for self-cultivation. He believed, as did Zhu and Wang, that Ritual (禮 li) had two dimensions : ritual as principle and ritual as correct behavior. According to Zhang, although Wang stressed the former, the latter should be observed by students without question. This difference of opinion between Wang and Zhang revolved around the dichotomy between heavenly principle (天理 Tianli) and human desire (人欲 Renyu). Wang sought to encourage Tianli, whereas Zhang strove to eradicate Renyu. Zhang's view corresponded with his expectation's for lineage (宗族 Zongzu), which was pervasive in his milieu. This position retained influence and authority in China until the end of the imperial era.