辛亥革命後、舊奉天省における官地の拂い下げ : 昭陵窰柴官甸地の場合

Abstract

Much of Fengtian was classified as public land during the Qing period, and private civilians were prohibited from owing it. At the end of the Qing period, the Fengtian provincial government made a full-scale land survey and sold vast areas of public land to private civilians. The task of the disposal of public land was taken over by the Fengtian provincial government during the Republic, and was later carried out by the government of Zhang Zuolin 張作霖. A vast area of public land was controlled by a considerable number of Han Bannerman (Hanjun Qiren 漢軍旗人), who functioned as pseudo-landlords in the Qing period. When the public land was disposed of, these Han Bannermen were usually given first priority to purchase the land they had managed. This study examines the case of the Zhang family, the hereditary commanders of the Han Borderd Yellow Bannnermen guards (Hanjun Xianghuang Qiren 漢軍鑲黄旗人). The Zhang family had extensive landholdings in the Fushun 撫順, Hailong 海龍, and Xifeng 西豐 areas during the Republican period. A large part of the land had originally been considered part of the Manchu's spiritual homeland, and had been appended to the Qing Emperors' tombs (Sanling 三陵), which sons of the Zhang family had managed for generations. It is highly probable that by taking advantage of their status as powerful officials of the Sanling, members of the Zhang family were able to purchase or simply to occupy much of the land formerly belonging to the Sanling at the time of the disposal of public land. In this paper, I also examine the Zhaoling Yaochai Guandiandi area attached to the Sanling, and confirm that the Zhang family did, in fact, control a large part of Sanling land at the end of the Qing period, and that it continued to do so even after the 1911 Revolution. On the basis of the historical evidence that Zhang family lands were, in fact, sold to Japanese purchasers. However, this study also makes it clear that the government of Zhang Zuolin did not recognize private ownership of Zhang family land.