西魏宇文泰政権の官制構造について

Abstract

Grasping the central bureaucracy of a regime is fundamental task in the study of that regime. In the case of the Western Wei it is important to grasp the bureaucratic history of Yuwen Tai who controlled the regime. However, as regards the bureaucratic offices and structures at the center of Yuwen Tai's regime, the varied interpretations remain unresolved and the actual character of the institutions has not been grasped. In addition to the lack of source materials on the bureaucratic career of Yuwen Tai, the cause of this situation is that there has been no firm comprehension of the offices of Chengxiang 丞相, Dudu zhongwai zhujunshi 都督中外諸軍事, Luxiaoshushi 録尚書事, and Daxingtai 大行臺 that would be the central focus of such a study. Two facts can be confirmed. First, the Dudu zhongwai zhujunshi, the supreme military command, did not function until the final stage of the Western Wei. Second, the Daxingtai was not the title of an official post but the name of an organization, and the post of Luxiaoshushi that was occupied by Yuwen Tai was the chief official of the Daxingtai. On the basis of having confirmed the above two points, it is possible to draw the following conclusions. After Yuwen Tai established the regime in Yongxi 3 (534), he served as Chengxiang for a lengthy period using his bureaucratic office and organization both politically and militarily in order to exercise his power. The Daxingtai was fundamentally an organization designed to absorb Yuwen Tai's staff. Those who were attached to the institution regularly participated in political decision making with the staff of the Chengxiangfu 丞相府 in times of peace, and when Yuwen Tai went out on military expeditions, they managed the organization of the expeditionary force and carried out the administration of occupied territories. In short, it can be said that the staff of the Daxingtai formed the core of the regime, but the organization of the Daxingtai itself was not one that exercised command over the entire territory under the control of the Western Wei or carried out political administration. Yuwen Tai placed the increasing numbers of staff trained within his organization near his side and in order to provide them official ranks and offices he put the two organizations of Chengxiangfu and Daxingtai to effective use. Afterwar's, in the second year of Feidi (the deposed emperor) (553) the Chengxiang and the Daxingtai were revamped and their authority was invested into the Dazhongzai 大冢宰, as the head of the bureaucracy, and the Dudu zhongwai zhujunshi, as head of office of military affairs. Then, in the third year of Gongdi (556), there was a further and complete shift to a bureaucratic system based on the Zhouli 周禮.