チンギス=ハーン廟の源流

Abstract

In this study, I have considered the establishment and transfer of the Shrine of Chinggis Khan on the basis of the historical studies of the literature to which I have applied recent archaeological data. As a result, I have made clear that the first Shrine of Chinggis Khan was located at the Avraga site in Khentii Province in Mongolia. This had been the site of Chinggis's palace, the Great Ordo. It has become clear that the palace tent (the lower building) was transformed into the Shrine. It became a Shrine after the capital, Kharakhorum, was built. Later, between the late 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century a new shrine (the upper building) was constructed. This Shrine remained at Avraga area after the demise of the Yuan dynasty until the mid 15th century, and ritual sacrifice of horses and cattles was conducted there continuously. The Shrine was moved to the Ordus region in Inner Mongolia in the period from the later half of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century. It is thought that behind the move were both political turmoil and the decline of nomadic economy that accompanied cooling temperatures. Both the Avraga Shrine and that built at Ordus in the early Qing period were extremely similar in terms structure of the altars, the size, and plan. One can hypothesize that when the Shrine at Ordus was rebuilt, the structure of the building at Avraga was the model to be recreated in the construction. Future research should be aimed at more concretely illuminating the background and timing of the construction of the Shrine and the reason for the move to Inner Mongolia. For that reason it will be necessary to conduct continuous research of the site.