左傳に見える西周封建制度について

Abstract

While the reliability of many references concerning the feudalism of Western Zhou that appear in Zuo-zhuan tends to be more or less doubtful. The account on feudalism in the Lu 魯 and the Wei 衛 in the 4th year of Ding-gong 定公 shows that it is not merely a tale but reflects to some extent the real situation at that time, taken into consideration the geographical conditions of these two countries and their being clan groups in the early years of Western Zhou. Besides, pu-yong 僕庸, male and female servants, the origin of fuyong 附庸 in the Chun-qiu 春秋 period, were groups of military significance. At first under the command of the noble men including King Zhou they gradually became in later years of Western Zhou their private servants. Both the clan groups, including the pu-yong, who had special duties and the people originally of the King but put under the noblemen's control became either their private servants, or their subjects living in their territories. This is to say that the people who had originally been under the direct rule of King Zhou became in the course of control by the noblemen their private possessions. Such yi 邑 villages and zu 族 clans, as seen in the Zuo-zhuan were guan-yi 官邑, king's villages, and guan-zu 官族, king's clans. It was the complex formed by the servants, the king's villages, and the king's clans, as well as the feud, the subjects, and the private servants originally owned by the noblemen themselves that constituted the social base of the Western Zhou period.