雍正硃批諭旨解題 : その史料的價値

Abstract

The reign of Yung-cheng was a transition from the political system of the Manchus to that of modern Chinese despotism. The Manchu dynasty entrusted its provincial governors and military commanders with full power, and the liaison between the central government and the provincial governments was kept by means of reports submitted to the emperor through the Cabinet by the governors and commanders. In addition to these official reports the governors and commanders were allowed to submit to the emperor confidential personal addresses. Emperor Yung-cheng also allowed other high ranking provincial officials to present this kind of personal addresses, and his purposes seemed to be well acquainted with the actual situation in the provinces and to prevent his governors and commanders to become like feudal lords, It became, therefore, the emperor's daily duties to read several scores of addresses and send them back with "instructions in red." Imperial Instructions in Red of Yung-cheng is a collection of such addresses and instructions, which constitute a unique source material for Yung-cheng's politics behind the scene in contrast with his official Edicts and the Veritable Records of his reign.