ブラルグチ再考

Abstract

The two words "bulārghū" and "bulārghūchī", described in some books which were compiled in Persian under the court of Hülegü ulus in 14th century, are the same with the two words "bolargo" and "bularguci" which are described in the treaty of commerce between the king of Hülegü ulus and the Venetians and Il Milione written by Marco Polo. These are also the transliteration of Mongolian "buralq" and "buralqči". Buralq means lost property or something found, namely articles such as slave, domestic animal, farcon and sword which owner is indistinct. Especially, if the found article is a human being such as fugitive slave and stray child, it is inscribed as "buralqi". Buralqi was used for naming children. Buralqči is a baron who keeps those articles. Under the reign of Dai ön 大元 yeke Mongʏol ulus, in some cases it was transliterated into Chinese character "孛闌奚/ト蘭奚" and "孛闌奚赤/ト蘭奚赤", in another cases, according to following the North Chinese tradition of nomadic dynasty such as Beiwei 北魏, it was translated as "lanyi 闌遺"and "lanyijian 闌遺監", to express both pronunciation and meaning. Under the leadership of Western scholars, bulārghūchī has been investigated. However there are still a large quantity of Chinese materials such as books, archives and monumental inscriptions they hardly utilized. As a reslt of the analysis of those materials, I ascertained some new facts. Following is the facts. Firstly, the system of buralqči had existed since the Huns 匈奴period. Successive nomadic dynasties ostensibly used the names of government posts in conformity with Zhouli 周禮. However, as a matter of fact, simenlangzhong 司門郞中of bingbu 兵部 and jiabulagzhong 駕部郞中 of xingbu 刑部were the buralqči, and zuoyuhou 左虞侯 described in the records of military operations of the Beiqi 北齊 and the Tang 唐 period was the Chief officer of buralqči. Secondly, under the rule of Dai ön ulus, each buralqči was separately belonged to organs such as langyijian 闌遺監, liushousi 留守司, xuanhuiyuan 宣徽院, tongzhengyuan1政院. Thirdly, the Chief of buralqčiʼs group was, in group of close adviser of emperor and kings, of high rank equivalent to bawurči 厨子and šarbači 舍兒八赤, and had his own army. He had a great power which is equal to the total of the Financial Bureau, the Tax Administration Agency, the Police Agency, and the National Personnel Authority of today. Fourthly, I can safely say that Ahmad who was a minister of Qubilai Qaʼan, and was trusted the control of Daidu 大都where was a metropolis and the center of the world economy, was a director of buralqči. It is conceivable that the reason why he was assassinated is the keen confrontation between the Crown Prince Chinkim and him, over the colossal wealth flowing from Southern provinces 江南into Daidu.