元代道敎公文初探 : 以<承天觀公據>與<靈應慮觀甲乙住持剳付碑>爲中心

Abstract

The administrative document in Yüan China was widely used among government organizations including those for religious affairs. The different official rank of the administration decided the different style, pattern and nature of the administrative document. The top Taoist management in Yüan China was Academy of Scholarly Worthies 集賢院, which operated three subsidiary bodies : the Taoist Administration (諸路道敎所), the Jiangnan Taoist Administration (江南諸路道敎所) and the Jianghuai-Jingxiang Taoist Administration (江淮荊襄道敎總攝所). They were respectively supported by Quanzhen, Xuan and Zhengyi sect of Taoism. Under the supervision of these administrations, there were lots of territorial Taoist registries such as Dao-lu si (道錄司), Dao-zheng si (道正司) and Wei-yi si (威儀司) throughout the empire. The Taoist administrations at all levels had their own official ranks correspond to the government organizations, which forms the applying basis of the administrative document in Taoist area. Official Permit over Chengtian Taoist Temple (承天觀公據) and Inscription of Decree on Hereditary Abbot of Lingying Taoist Temple (靈應觀甲乙住持劄付碑) are the detailed Taoist administrative document we have ever seen. By analysis of the content, we can see how the system of administrative document was used in Taoist area in Yüan China. And of course, according to the disputes over the right of ownership of Taoist temples recorded in the documents, we can also find out a miniature for the Secularizing Process of Religious World in Yüan China.