直省教學の制を通じて觀たる雍正治下の文教政策 : 淸代の學官教職の一考察

Abstract

The Ch'ing dynasty appointed, as a rule, public school instructors from among those who passed civil service examinations. But Emperor Yung-cheng broke the rule, and appointed instructors from among those who failed in examinations. In and after the Sung (宋) period there came into existence those private colleges known as shu-yuan (書院), which were set up by the local literati and great learned men. Emperor Yung-cheng helped to established a private college in each province by subsidizing from the Imperial purse and eventually it was made a Government institution. He also set up a system of local examinations for appointing public school instructors instead of the old practice of appointment without examination by the Ministry of Personnel.