中國の行政區劃としての圖の起源

Abstract

In the literature of Ming and after, we often meet with the word t'u in the sense of administrative unit. It has hitherto been said that t'u has its origin in the li-chia (里甲) system, which was set up by the Ming, when one hundred and ten households were designated as until of local administration, and put in the map. Hence, the unit itself came to be called t'u. But this system seems to have already been in existance in the Southern Sung period; we find the expression, "a certain t'u, a certain tu (都), " in Vol. 99 of the Collected Works of Chu-tzu (朱子). This shows that in the administrative system of his period t'u meant hsiang (鄉), which was on a higher level than the administrative unit, tu. In the Southern Sung period the cadastre called yu-lin-t'u-ts'e (魚鱗圖冊) was in use with hsiang as unit. Since a map was appended to it, hsiang came to be called by the name of t'u.