淸初の思想統制をめぐつて

Abstract

Under the declining Ming (明) dynasty, young literati fought against the Nei-kuan (内官), calling their union, She (社). After the destruction of Ming, many of the She formed part of the anti-Manchu movement. The Manchus began to regulate this movement in the Shun-chih (順治) period. As the result, the She changed their character from political union into assemblies of literati, training in Shih-wen (時文) or studies in textual criticism. After the middle of the K'ang-hsi (康熙) period, the Manchus undertook to conciliate the anti-Manchu movement both through editing Chinese books and moral education at schools. Finally, the movement of the young Chinese literati grew to be faint and be unpolitical, and the anti-Manchu movement was succeeded by the secret societies of the lower classes.