一七六五年洪大容の燕行と一七六四年朝鮮通信使--兩者が體驗した中國・日本の「情」を中心に (特集 東アジア史の中での韓國・朝鮮史)

Abstract

The journey of Hong Daeyon 洪大容 to Beijing in 1765 was of epoch-making significance in the scholarly and cultural relations between Joseon and Qing China. It was only thereafter that relations between intellectuals from the two countries, which had been sundered for 110 years, were revived. That which most shocked intellectuals of Joseon was problem of "the passions, " which Hong Daeyon took up in his Ganjeondong pildam 乾淨衕筆談, where he recorded his written exchanges with Chinese intellectuals. Hong Daeyon had sought a partner to debate the issue within Joseon, but he was unable to discover such a person. He then decided to journey to China, even if it was under the rule of barbarians, to make a friend who would be his counterpart. That which Hong Daeyon experienced in China was very similar to the observations made by the Joseon embassy to Japan in 1764. Both the Chinese and the Japanese people were seen to possess sincerity and a passionate sensibility that caused them to shed tears ceaselessly. The two peoples were surprisingly alike. This was in contrast to the Joseon intellectuals whose characters had been formed in a milieu permeated with the thought of Zhuxi and who would suppress any passion that would be felt as superfluous. The Chinese and Japanese intellectuals, however, had grown up in the same "world of the passions" that either denigrated or denied Zhu Xi's outlook. Dai Zhen 戴震, a Qing scholar of the Evidentiary Learning school 考證學, created an innovative school of thought, arguing that people and society should place great store on "the passions." The Chinese scholars with whom Hong Daeyon communicated in written exchanges emphasized "the passions" as a sensibility for everyday life. Dai Zhen's thought was representative of precisely this idea. Hong Daeyon who at first criticized Chinese intellectuals for shedding tears in an "excess of passion, " was in the end himself unable to restrain his passions and ended up in tears. After returning home, Hong Daeyon composed the Ganjeondong pildam and those who read it were affected emotionally. It was precisely figures such as Bak Jiwon 朴趾源, I Deokmu 李德懋, and Bak Jega 朴齊家 who belonged to the Bukhakpa 北學派 who were those who had become "men of passion" on the basis of their international experience.