モスレム國家マラッカの成立

Abstract

Malacca came under the influence of Islam in the first half of the fifteenth century owing to the activities of Muslim merchants, but it is clear--from the funerary steles of Mansur Shah, 'Ala'u'din, and others, from the coinage issued by Muzaffur Shah, Mansur Shah, and Mahmud Shah, from the designation "King Man-la-hia" 滿刺加國王 which appears in the Ming Veritable Records 明實錄, and from records such as Tome Pires' Suma Oriental--that the emergence of Malacca as a Muslim state took place around the middle of the fifteenth century in Muzaffar Shah's time. There are different traditions concerning the islamisation of Malacca recorded in the Sejarah Melayu and the Suma Oriental, but neither of them is reporting historical fact, both being compositions dating from the time of the Malacca Sultanate. What both books have to say about the history of Malacca before Muzaffar Shah was, similarly, doctored to accord with viewpoint emphasizing Islamic matters which was characteristic under the Sultanate. When considering international relations centering on Malacca it is vital to distinguish between the periods before and after Muzaffar Shah. The relations between the kings of Malacca in the first half of the fifteenth century and the Ming court were exceedingly cordial, but after Muzaffar Shah there was an abrupt change to much cooler relations. At the same time Malacca's relations with the Muslim world to the west became much more intimate. When the state of Malacca was established, positive foreign policy under the Yong-le 永樂 emperor was at its zenith, but Ming foreign policy became increasingly negative in subsequent reigns. and one may conclude that Malacca would have had to abandon its policy of reliance on the Ming and seek new alignments. This is why the Malacca Sultanate came into being from Muzaffar Shah's time, and as a result Malacca gradually entered into deeper relations with the Muslim world of the west and passed into a new phase of its history.