突厥碑文箚記 : 突厥第二可汗國における「ナショナリズム」

Abstract

Bilga Qaɣan expressed, in the Khosho-Tsaidam inscriptions, not only "political nationalism" but a sort of "economic nationalism" as well. He considered profits from the international caravan trade and from plundering expeditions to be the basis of the economic independence of the Tu-jue. Moreover, he emphasized the worship of "Heaven" and "Holy Earth-Water"，the traditional belief of the Tu-jue. In stressing this "religious nationalism" he seems to have opposed the goodwill towards Buddhism felt by the qaɣans of the First Turkic Khanate, which is attested not only by the Chinese sources but also by the Bugut inscription. It may be inferred from the Bugut inscription that Sogdian was the "official " written language and script of the First Turkic Khanate down to the 80's of the sixth century at the latest. And there is every reason to believe that Tonyuquq used the "national" Turkic language and the Turkic "runic" script for the first time in the Cojren and the Bain-Tsokto inscriptions. It is no wonder that he should have been the first to use the "national"language and script, as he was a "nationalist" and loyal to the traditions of the Tu-jue. The Khosho-Tsaidam inscriptions symbolize a "cultural nationalism"，too. Bilga Qaɣan laid stress on nationalism in all senses officially, but it must not be forgotten that privately he felt himself drawn to Chinese civilization.