「開禧用兵」をめぐって

Abstract

The phrase "K'ai-hsi yung-ping" refers to the Southern Sung's 南宋 dispatching of troops against the Chin 金 under Han T'o-chou 韓佗冑in the K'ai-hsi reign period of the Ning-tsung 寧宗 Emperor (1205-07). I would like to consider such points as what kind of men built Han T'o-chou's political power in the midst of this period of war and why Han's political policies were carried out. Of course, we cannot ignore the "Ch'ing-yuan tang-chin" 慶元黨禁 which was another of Han's policies. Thus, while I will not touch on the fundamental issue of the "Ch'ing-yuan tang-chin, " I will investigate it insofar as it is concerned with the structure of Han T'o-chou's political power. Also in this essay I will discuss in detail the dissension behind the "Kai-hsi yung-ping" between two groups of various origins in Southern Sung society : a bloc of scholar-officials in the political world who stressed tao-hsueh 道學 and a bloc of practical statesmen who considered and effected actual politics.