宋代浙西の道民について

Abstract

In the Southern Sung there was a religious group of half-priest, half-lay persons in the Che-hsi area known tao-min. They were regarded as a dangerous religious sect in the Southern Sung and often were restricted by the officialdom. Until now they have either been seen as followers of Manichaeism known ch'ih-ts'ai shih-mo 喫菜事魔 or as believers in the Po-yun 白雲 sect which was a heterodox Buddhist sect. Both theories are but deductions based on a memorial of 1198 or one of 1202 which quotes the former, while the real situation of the tao-min then was unclear. This essay makes use of tao-min materials as yet unintroduced which were recorded in the Wu-hsing chin-shih chi 吳興金石記 and the Chia-ho chih 嘉禾志． The tao-min were a group of construction workers who built such things as stone bridges and temples, and they received the patronage of the local Che-hsi authorities. It is clear that, even after their prohibition order was issued, they did not completely change and continued actively into the Yuan 元 dynasty. Furthermore, their active social situation in Che-hsi will be outlined, and we will show that half-priest, half-lay Buddhist believers similar to tao-min lived elsewhere in China and that such believers in fact supported the Buddhist activities at the time. Finally, we have deduced that while tao-min were not Manichaean and can be seen as followers of the Po-yun sect they were not its leadership stratum but rather a stratum of believers belonging to the larger Po-yun group.