金代女眞氏族の構成について : 『金史』百官志にみえる封號の規定をめぐって

Abstract

We have as yet hardly any studies of the social structure of the Jurchen people in the early Chin dynasty largely because of the scarcity of historical materials dealing with this era. This essay will investigate Jurchen clan structure through the fragmentary rules of feudal rankings which were recorded in the po-kuan-chih of the Chin-shih. These regulations stipulated various feudal ranks by dividing the total of 98 family names into white and black designations (hao 號)，and then further into four groups. When we reconstruct the Chin feudal ranking system by the ranks of officials which remain on stone inscriptions, it becomes evident that contrary to past studies, all of their family names were Jurchen names. However, originally, their society lacked the concept of family name. That practice began in the early Chin by the adoption of various clan names. The division into four groups beyond the distinction of white and black designations existed before the establishment of the Chin dynasty. In the final analysis we can say that the distinction of family names originates in the Jurchen clan structure and demonstrates the family relations within clans. The clan structure no longer existed in its original sense.