唐代における僧尼拜君親の斷行と撤回

Abstract

The dispute over whether Buddhist monks should render homage to their parents and to the throne, epitomized the antagonistic relationship between the Buddhist community and the secular state during the process of absorption of Buddhism in China. This paper tried to trace down how this problem changed in the Tang times. Initially, in 631 Taizong 太宗 ordered that monks should pay homage to their parents but after 2 years the order was rescinded. Subsequently, Gaozong 高宗 proclaimed in 657 an edict which forbade monks to receive homage from their parents and seniors. In 662 Gaozong ordered the court to discuss whether monks should pay homage to the throne and their parents. As a result of the fierce protests by the monks under the leadership of Daoxuan 道宣and Weixiu 威秀, a compromise solution whereby monks should pay homage only to their parents but not to the throne was proclaimed, The monks however continued their opposition, and the state was quickly obliged to rescind this edict also. xuanzong 玄宗 assisted by Yao Chong 姚崇, enforced discipline in the political world, and carried out a policy of repression against the Buddhist community. As part of this repression Xuanzong issued in 714 the third Tang edict proclaiming that monks should render homage to their parents, and this was followed in the 10th month of 733 by a proclamation that monks should pay homage not only to their parents, but also to the throne. Therefore, under the reign of xuanzong the Buddhist community submitted temporarily to the secular forces. However, with the Rebellion of An Lushan 安祿山, the coercion of the monks to pay homage to the throne was withdrawn in the 9th month of 761 by Suzong 肅宗, after 28 years. This situation in which the monks were not requested to pay homage to the throne continued from the Later Tang right through the Song 宋 and Jin 金 Dynasties. When the Ming 明 was founded, and China thereby entered a phase of absolute monarchy, monks were completely subordinated to the secular powers, and there were no changes during the Qing 清 Dynasty.