全國經濟委員會の成立とその改組をめぐる一考察

Abstract

The National Economic Council, established along organizational rules promulgated in 1931 and reorganized in 1933 to accommodate a policy for reconstruction, was an agency designed in an attempt to solve the most urgent problems of farm villages and industry. The National Government of the Republic of China aimed to reconstruct an independent and prosperous China while preserving a balance with competition from advanced countries. When it was first established, the most important problem facing the National Economic Council was the interrelation and regulation of the functions of the acting organizations for reconstruction. The solution of these problems depended upon establishing a required participation by the social strata supporting the government in the determination of economic and political policy, and accepting the technical assistance of the League of Nations. In 1933--following the advancement of the Anti-Communist campaign, the conclusion of a truce with Japan, and the acquisition of the Cotton Wheat Loan from the United States--the National Economic Council was reorganized as the enforcement agency responsible for solving the most urgent problems of the time. A policy based on the results of business enterprises during the fiscal year of 1934 defined their vital objects to be highway construction, water conservation, unification of the cotton industry, improvement of sericulture and filature, and public health. It brought together the National Economic Council which in a narrow sense was the gathering of the people's representatives and the leading members of the government; a committee of technicians formed of the specialists and interests representing each aspect of reconstruction; and technical specialists. Its "three level organization" comprised the investigation and research of problems and the engagement of research into policies for technical reform.