五、六世紀東方沿海地域と佛教 : 攝山棲霞寺の歴史によせて

Abstract

The Qixia Temple, situated on Mount She in the northeastern outskirts of Nanjing 南京, is known to have been erected on the old ruins of the residence of Ming Sengshao 明僧紹. Ming Sengshao originally stemmed from an aristocratic family in Pingyuan 平原 (in modern Deping 徳平 in Shandong 山東 province). He lived as a teacher at the local school in Laoshan 嶗山, Shandong, but when in 469 the Northern Wei 北魏 invaded the area, he fled to the south. Staying for some time in Yuzhou 鬰州 on the eastern coast, he then settled on Mount She. It seems that the background of Ming Sengshao's life had a strong influence on the character of the Qixia Temple. 1. Many of the monks related to the Qixia Temple stemmed from the eastern coastal region, just like Ming Sengshao. As this area was victim to the invasion and fighting of the Northern Wei in the 5th century, it became quite naturally a base of resistance against them. 2. Initially, the Buddhism of the Qixia Temple was mainly the belief in Amitabha 阿彌陀佛, which can be said to be related to Laoshan and Yuzhou, both areas abounding in legends and beliefs of immortality 神仙信仰. However, in the 6th century, the temple became a center of Sanlun 三論 Buddhism (the three sastras : Madyamika 中論, Dvadasani Sastra 十二門論, and Satasastra 百論). The teaching of meditation (Zen 禪) according to Bodhidharma and other doctrines were also expounded there. It became a base of Northern Chinese Buddhism (Huabeifojiao 華北佛教) which brought a new trend in the Buddhist world of Jiangnan 江南. That was, l think, because of its progressive character, based on its strong relations to monks coining from the north, on the one hand, and on its being newly founded, on the other.