フビライ政權の成立とフビライ摩下の漢軍

Abstract

In times of utmost emergency, the foundation as well as the structure of the power of the state organization tend to be exposed. Thus when Arik-buqa in 1261 had attacked Khubilai and invaded China as far as the Kaiping 開平 district of Shangdu 上都, he repelled Arik-buqa and established his defense line along the Great Wall, still confronting his Mongolian rival. In the military governed state then set up by Khubilai, the Mongolian troops were divided into two sections : the left wing was stationed in Xuande 宣徳 and Dexing 徳興, the right wing in Xingzhou 興州. Khubilai's personal troops 怯薛, the guards under the command of Shi Tianze 史天澤, as well as the Chinese troops stationed in Ezhou鄂州 under Khubilai's leadership were taken together to form the central unit. As such they came to be positioned in the center area between Xuande, Dexing, and Xingzhou, near the river Chao 潮. Moreover troops under the command of Shi Tianze's family were stationed for the defense of Yanjing 燕京 in the background as well as on the border to confront the Southern Song. Assuming that the orginial state organization of the nomad Mongol tribes, i.e., the military form of government, was gradually altered to a stabile national form of state organization, the first steps taken by Khubilai establishing his power by stationing troops and especially relying heavily on Chinese military have to be considered very enlightening.