ロブサン・ダンジンの叛亂と淸朝 : 叛亂の經過を中心として

Abstract

The rebellion of Lobjang danjin that arose in the first year of Yongzheng 雍正 (1723) was carried out by the chiefs (tayiji) of the Qosuɣud tribe of Koke-naɣur and by the Tibetans and Muslims who were attached to them. Among them were also included many lamas (blama). The rebellion was quite carefully planned; nevertheless, it proved to be no match for the Qing army, and in less than one month it was thoroughly repulsed. Moreover, because there was dissension within the Qosuɣud tribe, in a little over four short months they were completely subjugated. One reason that can be offered for the defeat of the rebellion is that Lobjang danjin was too optimistic in his estimate of the tribe of Jegun-ɣar. The rebellion took place at a time when the chief of the jegunɣar, Cevang rabtan, was trying to improve his relations with the Qing and was trying to establish his influence in the areas of Kazakh and Kirgiz. And at this time, he still harbored a serious grudge against the Qosuɣud because previously, the chiefs (tayiji) of the Qosuɣud tribe had united with the Qing and had wiped out the army of Jegun-ɣar which had entered Tibet. It was impossible from the beginning for the Qosuɣud to request reinforcements from this Jegun-ɣar. A second reason that can be offered for the defeat is that on the Qing side, the preparation against the rebellion, especially of commander Nian Gengyao 年羹堯, was meticulous, and the response was swift. Nian personally made his way to Xining 西寧, the main target of the Qosuɣud attack, and there he recruited troops and prepared for the assault. And the Qing side was able to rally the tayiji of the pro-Qing faction who had fled and other defectors, while the leaders of the rebellion were left in isolation. The Qing took this opportunity after the suppression of the rebellion to introduce the Banner system (niru-jasaɣ) into Koke-naɣur, and thereby to establish direct control over the area.