オスマン帝國におけるイスラム改革主義の展開 : Islam Mecmuastを中心に

Abstract

This article is an attempt to provide a clue to understanding the ideas of Islamic Reformers in the Ottoman Empire through an analysis of the Islam Mecmuasi (Islamic Review) which was launched in 1914. The Islam Mecmuasi was published by Turkish nationalists. Accordingly, it should reveal the Islamic outlook and especially the true intentions of the people who were said to be carrying out the rapid secular reform of the Age of the Young Turks. In brief, these people hoped to revive the original form of Islam that had degenerated and had been obscured by extraneous elements that entered into the religion throughout its history. They were advocating "Modernization" in the form of reopening the "Door of ijtihad" and of removing the barriers between the different schools of Islamic law, among other things. Nevertheless, these things were advocated in order to restore the purity and simplicity of Islam in its early days. Moreover, while on the one hand they saw that they had much to learn from Western Europe, they also clearly recognized the violent nature of Western Europe's civilization in the recent past. In other words, they were not simply "Westernizers." Based on the above conclusions, we must go beyond the simple framework of "fundamentalism" versus "modernization" and further investigate Islamic reformism.