ウィグルの稱號トゥトゥングとその周邊

Abstract

From about the tenth to the fourteenth century, the Uigur were the main members of Buddhist society in the Turfan basin, Eastern Turkestan. Tutung or dutong 都統, which was introduced from China, became a title for Uigur monks of Buddhism and was respected as an honorable name for holy administrators who took the lead of monks and nuns. Later the title was also described as dutong 都通 insome Chinese sources. It seems that the Uigur also showed respect to Chinese monks around them. As a matter of fact, the Uigur monks with the title were the translators of Uigur. Turkish and Chinese scriptures of Buddhism, the composers or the compilers of Buddhist poems. Some of them were not only taught by master monks and inherited the traditions of Buddhist family, but were high-ranked monks with a wife and children. It is impossible, at least in Mongol-Yuan society, to ignore the presence of married monks. The personal relationships to Atay Tutung, which were recorded in the civil documents, make it possible to study an aspect of the Uigur Buddhist society of the later thirteenth century. Some official and private documents help us to study how Titso, the son of Qiytso Tutung, came to be venerated as an abbot of Murutluq Monastery. The monastery seems to have been a training hall under the administration of West Uigur State.