淸代前期における國家と錢

Abstract

When the Ming dynasty adopted the silver finance and gave up the system of returning cash to the national finance, the confidence to the cash was lost and the circulation of cash was on the verge of dissolution. The situation rose that privately minted cash overflowed on the market, and specific cash was preferred within narrow areas, with unstable fluctuation. It became clear that cash did not circulate but that low-grade silver, rice, salt and so on circulated except advanced areas. During the three hundred years from the middle Ming period to the middle Qing period, the circulation of cash was reexpanded while silver was the standard of value. While the cash control by the Qing dynasty was not trusted fully and the coinage of cash in the provinces continued to be passive, the circulation of cash came to expand the privately minted cash from the outskirts of advanced areas. Moreover this expansion was the process without the structure of trusting cash through payment to the state as it had been, and that the formerly cash, which attached the greatest importance to payment to the state, came to regenerate as the distribution measure backed by the rural market under the system of the one-sided supply of cash.