中國近代の初等教育 : 制度改革とその浸透情況を中心に

Abstract

This article investigates how the institutional reforms in primary education from the late Qing to the late 1920s penetrated down to the schools. The reform of educational institution in 1904 was not thorough and left some feudal characteristics. The public schools in local areas were hardly distinguished from traditional private schools. The educational reform after the Revolution of 1911 was inaugurated without adequate systematic preparation, and had no effect due to adoption of reactionary educational policies by Yuan Shikai 袁世凱 and the lack of any system to extend the contents of the reforms to the schools themselves. After the May Fourth Movement, the school system was reformed thoroughly for the first time, and liberal education policies which incorporated American style educational philosophy were adopted after systematic preparation. However, due to a lack of funds for education, many of public schools were small, and pupils of different ages were admitted in the same classrooms. It was thus difficult to extend the reforms to the schools. Many people placed more trust in traditional private schools than in public education. Although the Nationalist Government undertook the centralization of education, but did not attach much importance to primary education.