曹魏文・明帝期の政界と名族層の動向 : 陳羣・司馬懿を中心に

Abstract

The Cao-Wei dynasty is recognized as an epochal period in the Chinese history, and the period has often been considered in such a light by scholars. While many studies have concentrated upon either the earlier or the later reigns of the dynasty, little attention has been given to the middle period the reigns of Wendi and Mingdi. In this paper, I throw light on the political history of this period in an attempt to remedy this lack in previous studies. The central figure in the political arena during this period was Chen Qun, known for proposing the jiupin guanren fa 九品官人法. A number of different views exist regarding Chen's relation with the Cao family 曹氏. In this paper, I refute the view which regards Chen as a loyal supporter of the Cao family's rule. I show that first, he was descended from the 'qingliu 清流' gentry, and second, that his political vision did not necessarily agree with that of Wendi or Mingdi. Because of his views, friction soon developed between him and Wendi. This friction, first visible in events surrounding the trial of Bao Xun 鮑勛, grew more obvious during the reign of Mingdi. Sima Yi, who later carried out a coup d'etat and actually usurped the throne, had some relation with Chen Qun, and rose in the political world with him. Breaking with the Cao family, Sima formed connections with distinguished families and developed into an even greater threat to Mingdi than Chen Qun. In the politics of this period, I detect the beginnings of the aristocratic regime of the Six Dynasties period.