元代江南投下考 : 『元典章』文書にみる投下と有司の相剋

Abstract

During the Yuan period, a certain number of households of southern China were awarded to imperial relatives, nobles, and meritorious persons. In this system such designated households had to remit the paper currency tax 戸鈔 to support the Tou-xia overlords. In this paper I clarify the circumstances surrounding the land and people of Tou-xia via an investigation of the documents of the Institutions of the Yuan Dynasty. First, I examine the legal case of the Command Office of Households 戸計長官司 of Yuan-zhou-lu 袁州路 in Jiang-xi 江西 province. Next, I examine cases of the Grand Wealth Supervisory Bureau 財賦都總官司 and the Wealth Control Bureau 財賦提擧司 in Jiang-zhe 江浙 province. Finally, I examine a series of fourteen cases collected in the section on the department of Personnel Administration 戸部 of the Institutions of the Yuan Dynasty. The aim of this examination is to investigate the structure and contents of each document, to consider the historical background, and to clarify the actual meaning of the documents. These documents reveal the details of the conflict between the government magistrates 有司 and the officials of the Tou-xia. From these I discovered a "dual principle of administration" that pertained to the region of southern China during the Yuan period. The local officials strove to legitimately avoid pressure from the Tou-xia. The efforts of these officials are revealed in the laws compiled in the Institutions of the Yuan Dynasty.