『史記』項羽本紀と秦楚之際月表 : 秦末における楚・漢の歴史評價

Abstract

This paper analyzes the construction of the Shih-chi "Hsiang Yu pen-chi" and "monthly records during the Ch'in and Ch'u period." This analysis shows that the "monthly records" do not center on the records of the states of Ch'in or Han, but rather focus as a whole on those of the Ch'u States and Hsiang Yu (King). The details provided for several states in the "monthly records" are based on the records of the Ch'u States. The records of the Ch'u States and Hsiang Yu are distinct in that they begin with January, whereas the records of the Han States begin with October. It is, therefore, clear that the Shih-chi "Hsiang Yu pen-chi" and "monthly records" are primarily concerned with the Ch'u States. In this period, Hsiang Liang and Hsiang Yu constituted almost the entire State of Ch'u, which developed its own system and calendar. Thus, Ssu-ma Ch'ien describes the rise and fall of each King based on the limited records of annals from the Warring State's Ch'in, Ch'u and Han period. The historical perspective provided here by Ssu-ma Ch'ien offers an altered perspective in destiny from the Shih-chi "Ch'in pen-chi", "Hsiang Yu pen-chi" and "Lu-hou pen-chi." Such a historical perspective is thoroughly in accordance with the historian's standing as T'ai-shih-ling for the Han court.