漢代明經考

Abstract

Previous studies of the Classicist of a recommendation category 明經科 have been inadequate. This paper examines not only the Classicist, but also the specifics of the general term "Ming-Jing" 明經, meaning to be well-versed in the classics. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The term "Ming-Jing" appeared around the time of the enthronement of Emperor Wu 武帝 of the Former Han dynasty, and its appearance was closely connected with the official recognition of Confucianism. As a result, from its very inception the term was employed in connection with the appointment of governmental officials and clerks. Thus it was established as a recommendation category.(2) The position of Classicist was conferred as a special recommendation by decree, the nominators being the Commandery governor and the Counselor-delegate. The nominees were examined, and on the basis of the results of this were accorded the ranks of Gentleman 郎官 (300 bushels), Secretary to the Heir Apparent 太子舎人 (200 bushels), etc. Not all the nominees, however, passed the examinations, and those who were not successful were disqualified. (3) The position of classicist that comprised these features was established in the period from the end of the Former Han dynasty to the beginning of the Latter Han dynasty. At that time there existed many officials who held the title of "Ming-Jing", and other recommendation categories presupposed the holding of this title. In view of these facts, the position of Classicist can be held to be of little account.