宇都宮徳馬の思想史的研究 : 戦後から1949年の政界進出まで

Abstract

宇都宮徳馬は, 第二次世界大戦後, 外交問題を中心に活躍し, 日ソ・日中・日朝国交回復に尽力し, 保守政治家の中でも数少ないリベラリストとして知られる. しかし, 彼は戦前に日本共産党に加入し, 「転向」をへて, 企業を営みながら官僚統制批判の言論活動に従事したという, 異色の知識人・自由主義思想家でもあった. このように日本の知識人の「政治」や「社会主義」, 「平和」に対する一つの特徴を示す存在である宇都宮について, 従来日本では, 一次資料にもとづく充分な検討がなされてこなかった. ことに, 戦後における彼の活動について, 思想史的な追及は不充分である. こうした研究状況を踏まえ, 本稿は戦後から1949年政界進出にいたるまでの宇都宮の思想と行動に焦点をあて, 戦前・戦中における官僚統制や軍部独裁への批判との連続性を意識しつつ, 戦後における彼の思想的立場, とりわけ戦後経済再建に関わる政策論の特徴とその史的位置を確認する.

Utsunomiya Tokuma is known as one of the outstanding liberalists among Japanese conservative politicians, who devoted himself to diplomacy to restore foreign relations between Japan and communist nations such as the Soviet Union, China and North Korea. He also was a unique liberal intellectual who, once having joined the Japanese Communist Party before the Second World War, going through "conversion" from communism, got engaged in business activity while developing public criticism on bureaucracy-controlled politics. Although such a pass of thoughts of Utsunomiya might be viewed as typical of Japanese intelectuals towards politics, socialism as well as the ideal of peace, only few reviews based on primary sources have attempted so far. In particular, studies on his postwar activities are scarce. On the basis of this understanding, Utsunomiyaʼs thoughts and acrivities from the end ofWWII through his political commitment to the congress in 1949 are examined in this paper. Special attentions are paid to his policical view of the post-war reconstruction of Japanese ecomony and its historical uniquness, while taking in consideration his criticism in the pre-war period onto the bureaucratism and dominance of military in Japanese government.