明初の燕王府をめぐる諸問題

Abstract

In the third year of the reign of Hong-wu 洪武 (1370), the founder of the Ming dynasty, his fourth son, Zhu Ti 朱棣 (the future emperor Yongle 永楽), was enfeoffed as Prince Yan 燕王. Thereafter, in the thirteenth year of the same reign, he proceeded to the Yan-wang fu, the prince's headquaters, established in Bei ping cheng 北平城 (the present-day Beijing) to assume his fief. As regards the location of the Yan-wang fu, it has heretofore been understood, on the basis of the research of those such as Zhu Xie 朱契, as having been situated in the so-called Western Garden 西苑, within the Forbidden City 紫禁城 on the west side of the Tai-ye chi 太液池. In contrast, Wang Pu-zi 王璞子and Wang Jian-ying 王劍英 have produced a new theory in recent years claiming that the Yan-wang fu was located within the Yuan greater palace grounds 大内宮城 on the eastern side of the Tai-ye chi. The two positions have been disputed ever since. In this article I consider the location of the Yan-wang fu first on the basis of the historical records contained in the Ming tai-zu shi-lu 明太祖實錄 and the relevant accounts recorded by diplomatic missions from Koryo 高麗. Based on these records I have been able to confirm that the Yan-wang fu was situated within the walls 蕭牆 of the Yuan imperial palace, and that the Wang fu gong cheng 王府宮城 was situated on the eastern side of the Tai-ye chi within the greater palace grounds. I next considered the relationship between the process of construction of the Yan-wang fu and the bestowal to Zhu Ti of the Bei ping territory. According to my findings, the especially generous treatment of Prince Yan Zhu Ti in terms of bestowal of land by the emperor Hong-wu as described in the third edition of the Tai-zu shi-lu 太祖實錄, which was revised in the Yong le period, cannot be recognized as historically accurate. I have also made clear that the three princes, Qin-wang 秦王, Jin-wang 晉王, and Yan-wang 燕王, were each given nearly identical treatment in terms of allotment of lands and their enfeoffments. I hypothesize that the fact that the Yuan palace was used for the Yan-wang fu was because of a fiscal decision to use utmost restraint in holding public works construction to a minimum, and resulted in the dual construction of a revamped palace 王城 created out of Yuan greater palace grounds on the eastern side of the Tai-ye chi and the use of the walls of the Yuan imperial palace as the outer wall without the construction of a moat.