ガザン・カンが詳述するモンゴル帝國遊牧部族連合 : モンゴル帝國各ウルスの中核部族

Abstract

Faced with imminent dissolution of the Ilkhanate, Ghazan Khan determined that he would reflect on the strong unity of the tribal confederation and embarked on the compilation of a dynastic history simultaneously with the expedition against Syria. Ghazan himself recounted in detail the long-term ties between the hereditary retainers, nokor, amir-ibuzurg, of the various Mongol tribes and the Chinggisid house in the Persian language History of the Mongols, Tarikh-i Mughul. The work is an utterly unique and extremely valuable source providing first-hand knowledge of the inner workings of the nomadic tribal confederation of the Mongol empire in the voice of a Mongol emperor himself, but the various scholars who have gone through the Persian text have failed to comprehend the fundamental structure of the tribal confederation. This has been due to the fact that they proceeded to consider the entire work without comprehending the meaning of the terms buzurg, the Chinggisid house, and amir-i buzurg. hereditary retainers. A close analysis of the long-term ties of the hereditary retainers and the Chinggisid house across the breadth of the Mongol empire reveals the following points. ･The strength of the bonds between the Chinggisid house and individual Mongol tribes was common to each urus of the Mongol empire, and the structure of the Mongol ruling class in each urus was nearly identical. ･Those who served the qa'an and khan, the Chinggisid house, and who held high-ranking and vital posts inherited from their ancestors, and were charged with the management of the urus were retainers from particular lineage groups within special tribes with especially strong bonds to the Chinggisid house, such as fictive kin, fathers-in-law, sons-in-law, tutors (atabek), adopted children, the children of wet-nurses (kukaltash), and subjects who came from families of hereditary vassals who had served Chinggis Khan's ancestors for generations. If Persian language historical sources and those written in Chinese are read with care and insightfully, it will surely become clear that in other nomadic states as well as the Mongol empire and in its successor states, tribal confederations were formed, and the royal family and their fictive kin occupied the core of the political regime.