鄭玄『尚書注』と『尚書大傳』 : 周公居攝の解釋をめぐって

Abstract

When Zheng Xuan 鄭玄 wrote his Sanlizhu 三禮注, he understood the process of the formation of the Zhouli 周禮 of the Duke of Zhou 周公 in the following manner. During the seven years of the regency of the Duke of Zhou, the "Great Peace" 太平 was brought about according to the divine will of Haotian shangdi 昊天上帝, the ultimate god of the universe. Given this impetus, the Duke of Zhou composed the Zhouli in the sixth year of his regency in order to institute the "Great Peace" as a national system. The system of rites formulated in the Sanlizhu, which employed such a view of the Zhouli at its core and as a basic standard, can be deemed the "State of Great Peace" 太平國家 of the Duke of Zhou. This interpretation of Zheng Xuan was stimulated by the myth of the "Great Peace" of the Duke of Zhou that had appeared in the appendices to Weishu 緯書 whose interpretations preceded the Sanlizhu and particularly in the conceptions found in Shangshu zhonghou 尚書中候. This myth saw in the workings of administration of the Duke of Zhou the divine will of Haotian shangdi himself and viewed the bringing about of both the "Great Peace" and the system of rites and music that constituted the "State of Great Peace" as also conforming to the divine will of Haotian shangdi. In this fashion, Zheng Xuan would next have to develop interpretations of the classic based on the conceptions found in the Shangshu zhonghou. The Duke of Zhou's appointment to the regency was a device of the divine will of Haotian shangdi that was demonstrated in the bringing about of the "Great Peace" and the creation of the Zhouli. The conceptual framework behind the concrete acts of the Duke of Zhou's regency was sought. That which would made this project possible was consultation of the Shang-shu 尚書, in which the records of the regency and the course of the Duke's rise to his appointment as regent were recorded. Zheng Xuan thus authored his Shangshuzhu after writing the Sanlizhu. At that time, Zheng Xuan turned his focus on the Shangshu dazhuan 尚書大傳. For Zheng Xuan, the Shangshu dazhuan served as an exegesis of Shangshu in the following manner. Following the statements of the Shangshu zhonghou. he interpreted the text of the Shangshu regarding the regency of the Duke of Zhou, conceived of the achievements of the Duke himself while he was regent, and saw them in terms of bringing about the "Great Peace" and the system of rites and music. In other words, Zheng Xuan himself recognized the interpretation of the Shangshu that he intended was found in the statements of the Shangshu dazhuan and employed them in his Shangshuzhu. This article makes clear that Zheng Xuan's interpretation was in fact of this nature. However, the use of the statements from the Shangshu dazhuan was based on the premise that the refuge of the Duke of Zhou in Dongdu was in accordance with the divine will of Haotian shangdi. Developed as an interpretation of the Shangshu, it was stimulated by doctrine regarding the advent of the "World of Great Peace" 太平世 of the "Way of Great Peace" 太平道. The relationship of Zheng Xuan and the "Way of Great Peace" is the most important issue remaining in the study of Zheng Xuan.