『集史』の構成における「オグズ・カン説話」の意味

Abstract

This article makes clear several points, listed below, regarding the important meaning in terms of structure accorded "the Tale of Oghuz Khan" that appears at the start of "The History of the Mongols, " which occupies the first scroll of the Jami‘al-Tawatikh (Universal History/A Collection of Histories) of Rashid al-Din. First, in order to situate the Mongols in the genealogy of the various peoples in Islamic world history, the Mongols were taken as a Turkic people, and as a method of linking the Turks and Mongols, the place of Turk, the ancestor of the Turks in traditional lineages of various peoples in Islamic world history was replaced with "The Tale of Oghuz, " which Oghuz appears as the hero of the Turkish people, in the first scroll of "The History of the Mongols." Second, the theme of "The Tale of Oghuz" is the Islamization of the Turkish people, and although the tale originally had no relation to the Mongols, Rashid managed to create a history that explained without contradiction the inclusion of the Mongols among the Turkic peoples through his examination of their genealogy that was worked into the narrative of the tale linking of the various Turkic and Mongolian nomadic peoples. Third, in the first scroll, "The History of the Mongols, " the fact that Mongols have been categorized among those defeated by Oghuz Khan appears at first glance inexplicable. However, the significance of "The Tale of Oghuz Khan" is as a prelude highlighting the concluding "The Record of Ghazan Khan, " in which Ghazan's conversion to Islam and the various policies of Ghazan Khan as Islamic ruler are depicted. By placing "The Tale of Oghuz Khan" at the beginning of "The History of the Mongols, " Rashid worked the narrative of the Islamization of the Mongols into the Universal History by showing that the Mongols had been an unconverted Turkic people defeated by Oghuz, but that in the time of Ghazan Khan, Ghazan had himself converted to Islam and carried out various reforms as an Islamic emperor.