元、明代ドカムのリンツァン王族史考證 : 「明實録」チベット史料研究 (一)

Abstract

The history of the Gling tshang principality, one of the eight religious principalities in Tibet during the Ming dynasty, has attracted scholarly attention several times in the past. However, there are many issues that remain obscure due to a lack of sources. This article attempts to shed new light on these unresolved questions by employing new sources in the Ming Shilu and by comparing the Chinese and Tibetan sources. Following a brief description of Gling tshang's location and history, a detailed discussion is made on the real meaning of the phrase bod kyi chol kha gsum, dpon chen in Tibetan historical sources and its relation to xifan sandao xuanwe si in order to explain why the Gling tshang was chosen to be conferred the status of a religious kingship by the Ming court. The conclusion of the discussion suggests strongly that the Gling tshang had already enjoyed high status and authority as mDo smad dpon chen, possibly, i.e., the mDo smad xuan wei shi because of its close tie to Sa skya pa. The conferment of the Zan shan wang title on the Gling tshang was merely one of numerous acts acknowledging the administrative order in Tibet, which had already been established by the Yuan dynasty. Sources concerning the Gling tshang in the Ming shilu reveal that the Gling tshang enjoyed its prestigious status and various privileges continuously and maintained its tributary relation to the Ming court through the entire period of the dynasty. Its relationship with the Ming was neither always peaceful nor limited to the Tea-Horse Trade. Also, other branches of the Gling tshang family in addition to the Zan shan wang branch were also involved in the power plays of the Ming court. These facts reflect the so-called divide-and-rule policy of the Ming dynasty towards Tibet on the one hand and the eventual decline of the Gling tshang principality on the other.