南宋期の地域社會における「友」

Abstract

How the word you 友 was employed is analyzed in this article in order to clarify personal bonds in the local society of the Southern Song dynasty. In this article, I have scoured the writings of Wang Shipeng 王十朋, Xue Jixuan 薛季宣, Chen Fuliang 陳傅良, and Ye Shi 葉適, four individuals who lived in Wenzhou 温州 during the Southern Song, determined whom was called you, and entered the results in a chart. Then, having confirmed their meaning of the word you, I analyzed what were the relationships between those termed you and the writers, and what were the positions of each in local society. The following points have been made clear by this analysis. First, with those whom were termed you, the writers maintained close longterm relationships whether they were local people or officials there on assignment. Calling someone you was never a frivolous matter. Secondly, the relationship between the people termed you was often formed between fellow students in an academic setting and developed mutually thereafter. The polemics conducted between you sometimes caused alterations in the thought of one or the other party. Thirdly, among these you, there often appear those who held no government office and those whose ancestors were not office holders. However, there were many from celebrated families who had built up their status in local society, and among these were some who had been bibliophiles and collectors of books for generations. As a result of this analysis, Wenzhou during the Southern Song was region that epitomized this trend, which was by no means limited to Wenzhou.