大規模開発プロジェクトと周縁社会 --ーエチオピア西南部のダム/農場建設と地域住民の初期対応--

Abstract

Two large-scale development projects are in progress in Ethiopia. One is the building of the Gibe III dam in the upper Omo river of southwestern Ethiopia since 2006. The dam will be completed around 2012-13. It will significantly advance the ability of Ethiopian state to produce and supply the electricity. The other is the building of commercial farms. The government has leased many vast areas of land to foreign and domestic investors who plan to produce crops for export. The Daasanach are agro-pastoralist in the lower Omo river of southwestern Ethiopia. It is strongly feared that two projects will have negative influences on the subsistence activities and social relations of the Daasanach and neighboring groups. The purpose of this paper is to show the outline of two projects and to analyze how local peoples respond to two projects. First, I summarize the Daasanach's recognition on the dam. Next, I clarify the relation between a commercial farm owned by Ethiopian Highlanders and the Daasanach living around the farm. Then, I clarify the different attitude of the Daasanach toward the farm by each generation-set. Last, I focus on the transformation of Daasanach's self-image after the building of commercial farm.