劉勰「文心雕龍」文學論の基礎槪念の檢討

Abstract

According to Liu Hsieh, the author of the Wen-hsin-tiao-lung, poetry is a thing a priori to human beings. This fundamental theory, set up in his first chapter "Yüan-tao, " "the origin of literature in the way, " does not mean poetry is an effortless flowing out of inner motives; it is rather the crystallized expression of human life, or even of the world, in which human beings participate as the most superior members. Various genre which prevailed at Liu's time are considered as the crystallization of this a priori as are various poetical devices, such as perallelism, classical allusion, metaphor, simile and so forth. These devices are not an extravagance, but the necessity of poetry. A solid tranquillity is recommended to poets as the state of mind necessary to realize such a priors. Such tranquillity is achieved by constant study, not by hurried effort. Poets' participation in politics is not rejected from this point of view either, because politics are natural human activity too.