對人稱呼の使用における「正格」と「破格」について : 「紅樓夢」における文體論的硏究

Abstract

An analysis of the forms of address used by the characters in the Dream of the Red Chamber when speaking to one another reveals that there exists a certain systematic regularity in the use of these words. Comparative study of the forms of address employed by each of the different characters also helps to make clear their respective personalities as well as the composition of the novel as a whole. The difference of personality between the two heroines Pao-ch'ai and Tai-yü becomes especially clear in this respect. In studying different texts of the novel it has been found that in later texts there is a tendency to change the forms of address so as to reveal functional differentiations, and their use becomes more strictly limited. Thus the world described in these later texts strikes one as more refined, but at the same time somewhat more rigid, than that pictured in the oldest text, the Chih-yen-chai-pen 脂硯齋本. The personalities of Pao-ch'ai and Tai-yü too are altered by these changes in the forms of address introduced into later texts, so that, in the Ch'engi-pen 程乙本, the latest text of the novel, Pao-ch'ai is pictured as a typically good-natured woman in contrast to Tai-yü, who is portrayed as excessively capricious and immodest. By studying such concrete examples of forms of address and the changes which they have undergone in later editions, the writer has attempted to discover some of the stylistic characteristics of the novel, as well as the characteristics of the spoken Chinese represented therein.