杜詩における「陶謝」 : 「眞」字を手がかりに

Abstract

Du Fu used the expression Tao-Xie (Tao Yuan-ming 陶淵明 and Xie Lingyun 謝靈運) twice in his poems and also wrote the poem including a couplet making a pair of Tao-Xie. Du Fu used this expression for the first time in the history of Chinese literature. But there has been little research up to the present, into why he used Tao-Xie. I discuss this subject through this thesis. Generally speaking, two persons are mentioned in the same breath because there is a definite similarity or difference between them. Du Fu also must have considered that there was an obvious contrast between the personalities in the expression Zhen (眞) written by them. Du Fu recognized that Tao used the word Zhen as spiritual and Xie used the same word as material. When Du Fu expressed Tao-Xie in the form of a couplet, he used it in combination of spiritual and material meanings. His excellent and original method to make such a couplet can never be seen in other poets' works. Then why could Du Fu make this excellent couplet? The explanation might be shown as follows. Dualism is one of the typical ways of thought in ancient China such as Yin (陰) and Yang (陽) at the Zhou Yi (周易). According to this thought, the universe is composed of two contrary elements. Du Fu considered that the literature at Six Dynasties (六朝) period was a complete universe in itself and regarded two greatest poets Tao-Xie as two representative contrary elements composing this universe. Thus Du Fu could make the unique couplet as above and adopt the unified expression Tao-Xie.